Automated Battery Cars Replace Buses at Heathrow Airport

ULTra PRT (urban light transport - personal rapid transport) vehicles have started operating at London's Heathrow Airport. BAA, the operationg company for Heathrow Airport, needed to provide a means of travel from the new terminal 5 to remote parking. Comparing several options, ULTra PRT provided a solution that was "... a 60% improvement in travel time and 40% operating cost savings."

The PRT concept has been around for a few decades. Heathrow is the first full-scale implementation of the concept. By installing a PRT, lower value land use like parking lots can be located further from the terminal. This less costly solution to public transit also has the advantages of personal transit. The personal air-conditioned vehicles do not have to stop for other passengers. They run at about 25 mph on a dedicated track with off-road stops, avoiding all forms of traffic control and congestion. (No stopping behind non-moving vehicles.) The "podcars" are in constant communication with a control center but operate autonomously using laser sensors. There is also a failsafe to keep vehicles from hitting one another.


The technology for some individual components is not cutting edge, but the system shows what can be done even with available equipment. The vehicles use a 4 x 45Ah, 48-volt lead acid battery pack that is recharged between stops and recycled when they are no longer usable. The front wheel drive motor typically draws about 2KW. The cars are relatively light and run on 13″ wheeled, tubeless tires. The body is of ABS plastic and steel with acrylic glazing.

Guideways provide a track for the vehicles and a curb for the Parking guidance system. They are not powered and don't contribute to the operation or communication of the vehicle with the control which is done wirelessly. Stations are less costly as well because the vehicles wait for people rather than large masses of people waiting for a ride. Like taxis gathering after a theater performance, we can expect control will schedule more units to wait for incoming planes.